Reflection 1: Hyperlinked Communities

Revisiting the Digital Divide – An Ode to Prescott

Jessamyn West’s discussion of the 21st Century Digital Divide took me back – way back. I started working at the Walla Walla County Rural Library District in 2002. I was twenty-four. I was hired to open and manage a new one-room, 900 square foot rural library in a town of 300 people, Prescott, WA.

Prescott is surrounded by wheat fields and located in a very rural area of Walla Walla County in Washington State.  It had a single restaurant and bar (that served a fantastic burger called a Jason Burger), a co-op gas station, a post office, and a small general store.  The area around Prescott is beautiful and I saw many deer, turkeys, and sometimes sheep on my winding drive there through wheat fields. I lived about 20 miles south in the city of Walla Walla.

The view from that drive looked like this:

The picture below is almost the entire library. The shelving was from our administrative office. The collections started from cast offs from other branches. The space was an almost 100 year old renovated storefront. We were open just two days a week.

A community member made new stained glass panels for the old storefront doors. Oh, that’s me in the picture, seventeen years ago.

a picture of Josh Westbrook

My biggest success was letting the teens have a heavy metal show inside the library. It was a fantastic disturbance to the small town – adults came from the nearby bar to see what all the noise was. Teachers and parents stopped by. Over twenty teenagers attended – a pretty good turnout.

 

I worked for that library district for about twelve years, most of those in Prescott and performing tech work at our rural branches. I share all of this to frame that these beautiful places, filled with great people – were at the very bottom of the digital divide.

The library was the only place to use a public computer and access the internet in town, outside of a friend’s house or while the kids were at school. That internet first ran on an inconsistent satellite dish connection. Later we upgraded to 1.5 Mbps DSL that also worked inconsistently due to bad phone lines. Much later we hit the jackpot when were able to upgrade to 3.5 Mbps DSL over the same bad phone lines – double the speed! We had paper sign up sheets to use the computers and there was always a line.

Eventually we offered Wi-Fi access but we didn’t have enough bandwidth of course. Often I was unable to check out books due to this. I would scribble the barcode numbers down on paper and hand the books over. This was the MySpace era, the kids played web games, adults used email and Yahoo Messenger. MapQuest directions were printed and I’d regularly give people free prints because no one had money to throw around (don’t tell my old boss).

The National Broadband Plan came about later and promised to offer fiber internet access to the rural masses. But the infrastructure skipped Prescott. It went to the nearest towns to the East and West but not us.

We connected to it at one of our other libraries, in a town much larger – 3,000 or so people. The 10 Mbps Fiber Optic connection cost over $500 per month – quadrupling our costs. We only afforded it through the Federal e-Rate Program, which gave us an 80% discount on telecommunications costs, but also required us to filter our internet connections.

The “Reaching All Users” chapter of The Heart of Librarianship, reminded me of what we tried to do in Prescott. In this chapter there is talk of how to reach out, how to include all of the community. In this library we lacked so much – but we opened a space, we invited everyone in, there was community created. And not by me – at the time I had no idea what I was doing. But that community space encompassed so much over the years and was made what it was by the people that used it.

Digital Divide or not, I want to believe that the library work we committed to meant something. That all of those summer reading programs, books clubs, nights filled with listening to kids laugh and adults gossip, the teens that hung out because it was safer than being at home, and the adults who would stop in to check out books on their way home from work – meant something even though we were perceived to be lacking so much.

I would urge that when we talk about the digital divide and statistics and demographics – to remember we’re talking about people. People with lives that we can improve by simply providing a library, a space – and getting out of their way as they create community.

(This reflection is far too long! But I’ll gladly take a ding to my grade because the people I knew from back then, and am still in contact with, deserve to be talked about!)

 

References

librarian.net : 21st Century Digital Divide. (n.d.). Retrieved June 24, 2024, from https://www.librarian.net/talks/rlc14/

Stephens, M. T. (2016). The heart of librarianship : attentive, positive, and purposeful change. ALA Editions, an imprint of the American Library Association.

Assignment X – Technolust or Technobust?

a robot reads a book in a library, image created by Adobe Firefly AI

image credit: Adobe Firefly AI Image Generator

I was taken by Professor Stephen’s definition of Technolust as, “an irrational love for new technology combined with unrealistic expectations for the solutions it brings” (Casey & Savastinuk, 2007; Stephens, 2008). This idea underscores the vast changes from the last thirty years in libraries.  Specifically with the promises of ebooks and digital items to expand access, reduce costs, and provide remote access.

Buckland (1999), wrote in Redesigning Library Services: A Manifesto, that digital items could be beneficial when the item is volatile, requires manipulation, needs to be scanned (read: ctrl+f) for names and words, to provide remote access – and to greatly increase communication speed. These benefits were laid out in 1999, when electronic card catalogs and electronic document possibilities propelled libraries into exciting directions. Buckland also writes that, “a digital record is more economical and, ordinarily, more useful” (Buckland, 1999). In my notes I wrote in the margin, simply, “is it though?” I decided to research the forecasted benefits of electronic content from almost thirty years ago and contrast that with what I see working in an academic library.

eBooks and Academic Libraries

Academic libraries have embraced ebooks and digital collections and do so with the hope that they will be more accessible, cheaper, and quicker to deploy. Purchasing an ebook highlights the “just in time” service model. For example, at the community college where I work we’ve had students ask for materials and we can trigger an ebook version in a database subscription to provide access almost immediately. But questions remain about if this embracing of technology, bordering on the technolust of “look how fast and economical we are”, considers what users want. Also, we’ve encountered requested digital titles that are several hundred dollars per license and have many restrictions. Academic libraries are also seeing more textbooks move to redeemable ebook  codes that I like to call the “gift card-ization of textbooks”.  The code may only be used once and eventually expires, which means it is actually a book rental.

Below is an example of college textbooks from a community college bookstore that illustrates ebook formats do not necessarily make textbooks inexpensive, a hope for digital content from a few decades back.

screenshot from

Academic eBook Textbook Pricing

Research Says …

A study creatively titled, “Do you love them now? Use and non-use of academic ebooks a decade later” found there are many new challenges with ebooks such as licensing that restricts to one user at a time, limits how much of the ebook may be printed or downloaded, navigation difficulties, and the inability to take notes (Owens et. al., 2023). There were also concerns about ebooks supporting different learning styles or being accessible for those with disabilities. Owens, et. al. (2023) also found that the increase in ebook purchasing due to providing service during COVID-19 did not improve perceptions of ebooks among students and faculty. Eye strain, headaches and other issues were concerns from students as well (Casselden & Pears, 2020). Another consideration from these studies is that students preferred print books for particular subjects – for example if a book requires moving back and forth to reference information.

Reflection

Considering technolust and digital book formats informs my library practice in so many ways. The biggest takeaway is remembering that is there is no one size fits all. Are we practicing our hyperlinked goals of including our entire campus community in library services? These hyperlinked concepts also take me back to what I have learned about information communities. I need to remember to center what our users tell us they really want. Also, to remember that we can influence what services are offered by vendors by voting with our budget dollars.

Here are a few specific things we can do to improve student access to information and course material in digital formats:

  • Make purposeful choices when purchasing ebooks, such as, is the only option a “single user” ebook title, or is there an unlimited access option?
  • Pay attention to printing and download limits and opt for the most open format available.
  • Become a campus-wide advocate for Open Education Resources (OER) – free textbooks that faculty may remix, reuse, and offer as a free PDFs, such as OpenStax.
  • Communicate honestly with vendors about why we aren’t purchasing their content.

I feel that we must ride both waves – give in to the technolust while at the same time remember to pull back and focus on what best suits our users.

 

References

Buckland, M. K. (1992). Redesigning library services : a manifesto. American Library Association.

Casey, M. E., & Savastinuk, L. C. (2007). Library 2.0 : a guide to participatory library service. Information Today.

Casselden, B., & Pears, R. (2020). Higher education student pathways to ebook usage and engagement, and understanding: Highways and cul de sacs. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 52(2), 601–619. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000619841429

Owens, E., Hwang, S., Kim, D., Manolovitz, T., & Shen, L. (2023). Do you love them now? Use and non-use of academic ebooks a decade later. The Journal of Academic Librarianship49(3), 102703-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2023.102703

Stephens, M. (2008). Taming Technolust: Ten Steps for Planning in a 2.0 World. Reference and User Services Quarterly47(4), 314–317. https://doi.org/10.5860/rusq.47n4.314

Accidental Librarianship

Hello, welcome to my blog!

My name is Josh, I’m in my third year of the SJSU MLIS program and will graduate in Fall ’24. I started working in a library in high school after almost dropping out of school. The school counselor decided to offer me an “easy” class of being an assistant in the high school library. That led to working in libraries for almost twenty-five years – and deciding that it was time to finally start my MLIS degree well into my 40’s. Libraries caught me while I was falling as a teenager and I want to have a hand in creating spaces and services for others to experience that kind of support in their communities.

My library career has spanned many job responsibilities – being a library shelver, courier van driver, one-person IT support for a rural library district, managing a one-person library in a town of 300 people, planning nine summer reading programs, providing reference services at a public library, supervising a team of eight reference staff at busy municipal library, and currently performing cataloging and technical services tasks at a community college library.

I currently live in Kennewick, Washington – known for the Columbia River, the nearby Hanford Nuclear Site (the most polluted site in North America), and the beautiful Shrub-Steppe ecosystem.

I enjoy gardening, spending time with my husband and our two dogs, and escaping to the nearby Oregon Coast, hopefully, each summer.

a black pug doga black pug dog
two men at the beach

Asiatic lilies Vegetable GardenPink Hibiscus Flowers

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